Trapped Out Of Court, Position or Penalty Hinder?

Picture 1) Non-Hitter Trapped Against Right Wall
Picture 1 shows the non-hitting player trapped against the right side wall during return shot by hitter. This occurs when the non-Hitter is out of court position, or moves out of good court positioning to avoid interfering with the hitters return shot. The non-hitter is prevented from moving left, and doesn't have time to move in front or behind the hitter. The non-hitter could move forwards or backwards along the right wall, but that would be a worse court positioning option. The hitter is trapped against the right wall and must wait for the hitter to attempt a return shot.
It is the responsibility of the non-hitter to be aware of the ball and hitter, and take a court position that will not interfere with the hitters return. The hitter has the right-of-way on the court and must ba allowed to position to play the ball, plus have a unimpeded swing. The hitter must also be given two return ball paths to the front wall, straight-in and a cross court shot to the back corner furthest from the hitter. While the hitter is playing the ball, the hitter is allowed to trap the opponent into a poor court position.

Picture 2) Moving Into the Ball - Penalty Hinder (Rule 3.15, d)
Picture 2 shows a Penalty Hinder violation when the non-hitter was struck by the ball after the hitters return shot. This can occur when the non-hitter wasn't aware of the ball or hitters position, if the non-hitter miscalculates the hitters shot, or when the non-hitter was crowding the hitter and moved too soon while attempting to get into a better court positioning as the hitter returned the ball.

Picture 3) Non-Hitter Trapped Against Left Wall
The non-hitter is trapped against the left side wall during the hitters return attempt. Similar to Picture 1, the non-hitter must yield the right-of-way to the hitter.

Picture 4) Non-Hitter Moving Off Left Wall
Picture 4 shows the non-hitter moving away from the left wall towards center court. The non-hitter must take care not interfere or block the hitters return shot. Because the hitter is right-handed and taking a forehand swing, there is some room for the non-hitter to move away from the left wall without interfering with the hitters return Cross Court, but always a chance to be hit by a straight-in or left side return shot.
As in Picture 2, some non-hitters fail to pay attention to the ball and hitter, or become overzealous in their attempt to gain better court positioning. If the hitter notices the non-hitter moving off the wall, the hitter may try to hold-up their swing to avoid hitting the non-hitter with the ball or racquet follow-through. If a referee notices the movement, the referee may stop play for safety reasons to prevent a possible injury. If play stopped before the ball was hit, a Replay or Penalty Hinder can be called, depending on the situations.

Picture 5) Moving Into Ball - Penalty Hinder (Rule 3.15, d)
Picture 5 shows a situation when the non-hitter is stuck by the return shot of the hitter. This may occur too quickly for the players or a referee to determine if the ball was a left side wall pass shot to back left corner (Blue Dotted Line) or a straight-in shot (Green Line). The angles are too slight to measure. Because of the closeness, a Penalty Hinder would be the correct call against the non-hitter for moving into the ball, regardless if the movement was accidental or intentional. Under certain situations, a Replay Hinder can result when the hitter didn't have an “Offensive Set-up” (off balance, weak shot or out of position).
NOTE:
It's the hitters responsibility to avoid being hit by the ball and interfering with the hitters return shot. However, it would be impossible for a non-hitter to avoid being hit by every type (angle) off return shots (see Picture 6).

Picture 6) Replay Hinder - Pinch Shot Return Hits Non-Hitter
While it's the responsibility of the non-hitter to avoid being hit by the hitters return shot, it would be impossible to avoid being hit during every situation. The spirit of the rules understand this, and for safety and fair play only require the non-hitter to yield the return ball path for a straight-in and cross court shot (Green Shadow Area on Floor). A Replay Hinder results whenever the non-hitter blocks a possible return that wasn't one of the two required shot paths. Picture 6 shows a obvious Pinch Shot being blocked, but not all situations are so obvious.

Picture 7) Moving Into Ball – Penalty Hinder (Rule 3.15,d)
Picture 7 is a similar to the situation in Picture 5. Both pictures illustrate the non-hitter moving into the ball path of the hitter. While some people beleive this to be only a Replay Hinder, a still picture like this is not a luxury that players and referees have during actual play. It's impossible to determine specific distances and times while playing. Whenever anyone (hitter or referee) believes a dangerous is possible, play should immediate stop. This often depends on the experience and abilities of the players. But when in doubt, always stop play. After play ends, the correct call can be determined.
[quote]Official Rules
Rule 3.15 PENALTY HINDERS
A penalty hinder results in the loss of the rally. A penalty hinder does not have to be an intentional act, but an intentional hinder would be a penalty hinder. Replay hinders are described in Rule 3.14. Any of the following results in a penalty hinder:
(a) Failure to Move. A player does not move sufficiently to allow an opponent a shot straight to the front wall as well as a cross-court shot which is a shot directly to the front wall at an angle that would cause the ball to rebound directly to the rear corner farthest from the player hitting the ball. In addition, when a player moves in such a direction
(d) Moving into the Ball. Moves in the way and is struck by the ball just played by the opponent.
Source: USAR Online Rules - http://www.usra.org/Portals/18/pdf/New2011Rulebook.pdf